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The complement cascade is tightly regulated by short half-lives of its components and a series of endogenous regulatory proteins. Complement regulatory proteins counteract the complement activity and protect glomerular cells from injury (Nangaku 1998). In vitro, overexpression of CD59 protected cultured glomerular cells from attack (Nangaku et al. 1996). In the rat Heymann nephritis model, simultaneous blockade of complement regulatory proteins by neutralizing antibodies was required to develop proteinuria following injection of anti-megalin antibody (Schiller et al. 1998). Furthermore, genetic ablation of decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and CD59 aggravated tissue injury in anti-GBM | AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS THE ROLE OF GENETICS IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Edited by Stephen I. Deutsch and Maria R. Urbano INTECHWEB.ORG Autism Spectrum Disorders The Role of Genetics in Diagnosis and Treatment Edited by Stephen I. Deutsch and Maria R. Urbano Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9 51000 Rijeka Croatia Copyright 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license which permits to copy distribute transmit and adapt the work in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech authors have the right to republish it in whole or part in any publication of which they are the author and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials instructions methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ivana Lorkovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright A pyro Design 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published July 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Autism Spectrum Disorders The Role of Genetics in Diagnosis and Treatment Edited by Stephen I. Deutsch and Maria R. Urbano p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-495-5 ikrrr iJ OPEN ACCESS INI Cvn PUBLISHER INTECH open free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at .
