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Công nghệ cơ khí thường tạo ra các giả lập mô phỏng hoạt động của các đối tượng, như quy trình chế tạo thực tế theo trình tự tối ưu hóa sự thực hiện, hiệu quả kinh tế và chi phí năng lượng trước khi quyết định lựa chọn một thiết kế cụ thể. | 130 New Trends and Developments in Automotive Industry time improvement in the quality rate of nearly 5 reduction of inventory levels by almost 40 and an increase in productivity between 9 and 60 . Along with this we also detected important improvements in the use of the space in the plant a reduction in the number of containers and the distance travelled by products Marin-Garcia et al. 2009 . We interviewed the production directors of these companies with the objective of learning how they valued the workshops undertaken ten years ago what was the deployment process of lean manufacturing after that experience what difficulties they found and how they overcame them Fendt Sachs 2008 Charmaz 2006 . The majority of the interviewees do not doubt that the experiment was a success. To value it in this way is not only based on the positive evolution of the Key Performance Indicators KPIs such as FTT OEE DTD or productivity see below they also take into account the impulse needed for the deployment of lean manufacturing or the knowledge that it allowed them to attain. In this sense the involvement of the consultants was valued the practical experience they had and the transfer of real solutions that had been tried in similar situation. For many of the interviewees these workshops from 10 years ago showed them all I know about lean manufacturing . However not all the opinions are favourable. In a few companies it is considered that it isn t worth anything the customer came to sniff around our processes and to impose a cost reduction with hardly any help in achieving this end . It is interesting to observe that the assessment of success or failure of the workshops did not depend on whether the company had begun or not the path towards lean manufacturing before the arrival of the external consultants. Although it is possible that the action of the consultants was not exactly equal in all the companies it appears to be more probable to think that the reaction from the .