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At the 12th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (Santiago, 2002) a CD Rom of the first edition of the Traditional Asian Medicine Identification Guide for Law Enforcers was distributed to the delegations present and shortly thereafter also to all CITES Parties with a Notification. Hard copies of the guide were also distributed to the Parties by TRAFFIC International. At CoP12 the Secretariat decided that this excellent product of collaborative work between HM Customs and Excise's CITES Enforcement Team at Heathrow and TRAFFIC International should continue and be further developed. Traditional medicines have a very long and important history in health care and although the parts and. | Denno for bp.doc 10 7 2007 4 22 22 PM ARTICLES THE LETHAL INJECTION QUANDARY HOW MEDICINE HAS DISMANTLED THE DEATH PENALTY Deborah W. Denno On February 20 2006 Michael Morales was hours away from execution in California when two anesthesiologists declined to participate in his lethal injection procedure thereby halting all state executions. The events brought to the surface the long-running schism between law and medicine raising the question of whether any beneficial connection between the professions ever existed in the execution context. History shows it seldom did. Decades of botched executions prove it. This Article examines how states ended up with such constitutionally vulnerable lethal injection procedures suggesting that physician participation in executions though looked upon with disdain is more prevalent and perhaps more necessary than many would like to believe. The Article also reports the results of this author s unique nationwide study Arthur a. McGivney Professor of Law Fordham University School of Law. B.A. University of Virginia M.A. University of Toronto Ph.D. J.D. University of Pennsylvania. I am most grateful to the following individuals for their contributions to this article Ty Alper Daniel Auld David Baldus David Barron Ned Benton Douglas Berman Leigh Buchanan Bienen John Blume Edward Brunner Peter Cannon a. Jay Chapman Eric Columbus Stanley Deutsch Richard Dieter Lawrence Egbert Watt Espy Roberta Harding Mark Heath Fred Jordan Natasha Minsker Michael Radelet Ellyde Roko Ruth Wachtel William Wiseman and Arthur Zitrin. I give special thanks to Daniel Auld and Ellyde Roko for their superb efforts in collecting and analyzing the information on lethal injection protocols and to Ellyde Roko for excellent research assistance. Jay Chapman generously and openly provided numerous articles e-mails telephone commentary and private notes relating to the history of lethal injection and his particular role. Members of Fordham Law School s library staff .
