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We investigated the soluble forms of the earliest activation antigen of human leukocyte CD69. This receptor is expressed at the cell surface as a type II homodimeric membrane protein. However, the elements necessary to prepare the soluble recombinant CD69 suitable for structural studies are a matter of controversy. | ỊFEBS Journal Soluble recombinant CD69 receptors optimized to have an exceptional physical and chemical stability display prolonged circulation and remain intact in the blood of mice Ondrej Vanek1 2 Monika Nalezkova3 Daniel Kavan1 2 Ivana Borovickova1 Petr Pompach1 2 Petr Novak2 Vinay Kumar2 Luca Vannucci2 Jiri Hudecek1 Katerina Hofbauerova2 4 Vladimir Kopeck Jr4 Jiri R t n 55 5 P t t l rJonl H6 155 PI hn55lolz6PQ ol 55 Hot 55 olz3 h moI ilz2 3 I 11Iz55Q t rr ilz3 I 11 Iz55 Q III Brynda Pen Koienko Jan Dohnaiek Pavel Kaderavek Josei Chmeiik Lukas xjoruik Lukas Zidek3 Vladimir Sklenar3 and Karel Bezouska1 2 1 Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic 2 Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic 3 NationalCentre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic 4 Institute of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic 5 Institute of Molecular Genetics Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic 6 Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic Keywords C-type lectin leukocyte activation plasma clearance refolding stability Correspondence K. Bezouska Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Hlavova 8 CZ-12840 Praha 2 Czech Republic Fax 420 2 4172 1143 Tel 420 2 4106 2383 E-mail bezouska@biomed.cas.cz These authors contributed equally to this work Received 5 June 2008 revised 2 September 2008 accepted 11 September 2008 doi 10.1111 j.1742-4658.2008.06683.x We investigated the soluble forms of the earliest activation antigen of human leukocyte CD69. This receptor is expressed at the cell surface as a type II homodimeric membrane protein. However the elements necessary to prepare the soluble recombinant CD69 suitable for structural studies are a matter of controversy. We describe the physical biochemical and in vivo