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One of the main findings of this study is that non- climate-related factors such as land subsidence are important and in some cases even more important than climate risks in contributing to urban flooding. In Bangkok for instance, there is nearly a two-fold increase in damage costs between 2008 and 2050 due to land subsidence. Further, almost 70 percent of the increase in flooding costs in 2050 in the city is due to land subsidence. While data for land subsidence were not available for Manila and HCMC and this issue was not considered in the hydrological model- ing for these two cities,. | Financial Accounting Manual For Federal Reserve Banks BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Division of Reserve Bank Operations and Payment Systems Federal Reserve Bank Accounting Policy and Operations Section Table Of Contents Introduction revision set Chapter 1 - balance sheet.1-1 Chapter 2 - Collateral anD custodies . . . . .2-1 Chapter 3 - Property and Equipment. _. . . . . .3-1 Chapter 4 - Central bank Unique AccOUNtINg . . . .4-1 Chapter 5 - federal Reserve Notes. . . .5-1 Chapter 6 - Reporting Requirements . . . . . .6-1 Chapter 7 - Reserved . . . . .7-1 Chapter 8 - special Topics. . . . . . . .8-1 Appendix__ - ------------------------------ A-1 FAM - 2013 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION This Financial Accounting Manual for Federal Reserve Banks FAM contains the accounting standards that should be followed by the Federal Reserve Banks.1 The Board of Governors has delegated within certain parameters the authority to the director of the Division of Reserve Bank Operations and Payment Systems RBOPS to set accounting policy for the Reserve Banks and to define amend and interpret FAM as prescribed by FRAM 1-001 and 1-035. Periodic amendments to FAM are made primarily to codify changes in accounting policy that result from new transactions and other accounting developments. Although setting accounting policy and updating FAM are responsibilities of the RBOPS Accounting Policy and Operations Section Reserve Banks accounting staffs also play significant consultative roles in the development of accounting policies included in this manual. FAM provides guidance to Reserve Banks that should result in uniform accounting policies conforming to the standards established. In some places FAM provides examples of subsidiary accounts to facilitate an understanding of the scope of the broader balance sheet items. In these cases unless otherwise noted the maintenance of such accounts is discretionary with the Reserve Bank. Although FAM covers the .
