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For the investigation of art in its early stages and in its widest sense—there is probably no fairer field than that afforded by aboriginal America, ancient and modern. At the period of discovery, art at a number of places on the American continent seems to have been developing surely and steadily, through the force of the innate genius of the race, and the more advanced nations were already approaching the threshold of civilization; at the same time their methods were characterized by great simplicity, and their art products are, as a consequence, exceptionally homogeneous. . | ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FORM AND ORNAMENT IN CERAMIC ART. BY WILLIAM H. HOLMES. CONTENTS. Page. Introductory 443 Origin of form 445 By adventition 445 By imitation 445 By invention 450 Modification of form 450 By adventition 450 By intention 452 Origin of ornament 453 From natural objects 454 From artificial objects 455 Functional features 455 Constructional features 456 From accidents attending construction 457 From ideographic and pictorial subjects 457 Modification of ornament 457 458 Through material Through form 458 Through methods of realization 459 Pg 441 ILLUSTRATIONS. Fig. 464. Form derived from a gourd 446 465. Form derived from a conch shell 447 466. Form derived from a stone pot 448 467. Form derived from a wooden tray 448 468. Form derived from a horn spoon 448 469. Form derived from a bark vessel 446 470. Form derived from basketry 449 471. Form derived from basketry 449 472. Form derived from a wooden vessel 449 473. Coincident forms 451 474. Form produced by accident 451 475. Scroll derived from the spire of a conch . 454 shell 476. Theoretical development of current 455 scroll 477. Ornament derived through modification 455 of handles 478. Scroll derived from coil of clay 456 479. Ornamental use of fillets of clay 456 480. Variation through the influence of 459 form 481. Theoretical development of the current 460 scroll 482. Forms of the same motive expressed in 461 different arts 483. Forms of the same motive expressed in 461 different arts 484. Forms of the same motive expressed in 461 different arts 485. Geometric form of textile ornament 462 486. Loss of geometric accuracy in painting 462 487. Design painted upon pottery 463 488. Theoretical development of fret work 464 489. Theoretical development of scroll work 465 Pg 443 ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FORM AND ORNAMENT IN CERAMIC ART. By William H. Holmes. INTRODUCTORY. For the investigation of art in its early stages and in its widest sense there is probably no fairer field than that afforded .