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Tropicamide là thuốc được lựa chọn cho sự giãn nở thường xuyên. Nó thường được kết hợp với Phenylephrine hoặc hydroxyamphetamine cho hiệu quả gia tăng. Cyclopentolate là thuốc được lựa chọn cho cycloplegia thường. Thuốc nhuộm mắt tại chỗ phải được thấm nhuần chỉ sau khi đánh giá của giác mạc | 20 Chapter 3 Onefrey BE ed. Clinical Optometric Pharm and Therapeutics. Philadelphia Pa JB Lippincott Williams Wilkins 1991. Ophthalmic Drug Facts. St. Louis Mo JB Lippincott 1990. Physicians Desk Reference. 59th ed. 33rd edition for ophthalmology 26th edition for nonprescription drugs Montvale NJ Thomson PDR published annually. von Noorden GK Campos EC. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility Theory and Management of Strabismus. 6th ed. St. Louis Mo CV Mosby 2002. Chapter 4 Diagnostic Pharmaceuticals KEY Mydriatics dilate the pupil. Cycloplegics dilate the pupil and suspend accommodation. Tropicamide is the drug of choice for routine dilation. It is often combined with phenylephrine or hydroxyamphetamine for added effect. Cyclopentolate is the drug of choice for routine cycloplegia. Topical ophthalmic dyes should be instilled only after evaluation of the cornea and anterior chamber as they can alter the clinical picture. 22 Chapter 4 OptA OptT OphT Mydriasis vs. Cycloplegia Mydriasis is dilation of the pupil. Drugs that act only to dilate the pupil are known as mydri-atics. Mydriatics are used for diagnostic evaluation and visualization of the entire posterior segment a view that is impossible under nondilated conditions. Mydriatics are also used to allow full visualization of the lens and other ocular structures during ophthalmic surgery. The use of cycloplegic agents accomplishes several things. First they dilate the pupil for ocular health assessment. Secondly and primarily cycloplegic agents cause paralysis of the ciliary muscle. This paralysis is called cycloplegia which gives these agents their name. Cycloplegia is advantageous in a number of instances. First it lessens or eliminates the accommodative function. This is helpful in evaluating patients with latent hyperopia accommodative esotropia or in assessing the refractive error before refractive surgery. Cycloplegia is also desired in cases of trauma or inflammation where spasms of the ciliary muscle cause .
