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Vaccine viêm não virus viêm não Nhật Bản (JE) là một bệnh nhiễm trùng muỗi sinh đặc hữu của các bộ phận của châu Á. Flaviviral nhiễm trùng thần kinh liên quan chặt chẽ đến St Louis viêm não và virus West Nile. Bệnh này gây ra trung bình 35.000 trường hợp báo cáo và 10.000 ca tử vong | Vaccines and Immunotherapies 339 JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS VACCINE Japanese encephalitis JE is a mosquito-born infection endemic to parts of Asia. The flaviviral neurologic infection is closely related to St. Louis encephalitis and West Nile virus. This infection causes an average of 35 000 reported cases and 10 000 deaths each year 209 although the majority of infections are subclinical. Viremia develops after a bite from an infected mosquito and 1 out of 250 infections leads to symptomatic disease 211 . Most infections clear before the virus enters the central nervous system. However once neurologic invasion occurs large areas of the brain may be involved. The resulting encephalitis is typically severe with a 25-40 fatality rate 212 213 . Residual neurologic sequelae are evident in 10-30 of cases 212 . Japanese encephalitis is seasonal with most cases occurring after infection during the rainy season in temperate areas this is from June through September. In the more tropical areas the season begins in March and extends until October. Several findings related to JE infection are 1. Poorer performance on standardized tests compared with uninfected subjects . 2. Those who had dengue fever infection earlier may have decreased morbidity and mortality rates possibly due to the presence of other antiflavivirus antibodies. 3. Risk factors for death include documented virus in CSF low levels of IgG or IgM and decreased sensorium. Control of vectors and reservoirs of infection aid in decreasing cases of JE. These measures are 1 control of mosquitoes and avoidance of areas where mosquitoes are likely to occur 2 draining or spraying of swamps and other areas with standing water 3 humans and other mammals may be deadend hosts requiring no containment and 4 agricultural animals pigs and endemic birds egrets and herons may be amplifying hosts with high-grade viremia. Three vaccines are available worldwide. The one used commercially for travelers is derived from mouse brain .
