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Nuclear Power System Simulations and Operation Part 2

Tham khảo tài liệu 'nuclear power system simulations and operation part 2', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 4 Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation coolant to flow out. Usually we have a two-phase outflow steam and water coming with the speed of the sound. Sometimes it is not necessary to develop sophisticated model programs with elaborated numerical solving schemas. For example to simulate thermo-hydraulic processes inside the primary circuit of a pressurized water reactor PWR we can use the RELAP program developed in the USA the ATHLET code developed in Germany or the CATHARE code developed in France . Several millions of dollars and hundreds of man-years have been spent to develop and validate them against great many experiments. Even using well-validated and certified codes we cannot omit the validation process. During validation we have to show that the input data made for these codes correctly describes the nuclear power generating unit in question. The nodalisation corresponds to the actual geometry of our plant and it is prepared according to the rules prescribed in the user manual to the given code. All masses heat exchange surfaces heat capacities heat conductance etc. are calculated for each node correctly. Some simple transients which happens sometimes on the plant and are not regarded as accident e.g. pump trips turbine trips network frequency control acts etc. usually called as AOO - anticipated operational occurrences are calculated with the code and compared with the measurements in order to show that the current and parameterized for the given plant model is valid. 3. Classification of simulators The simulation of the desired process can go faster or slower than the real time even both can happen during one act of simulation. The beginning of an accident or even a transient may require more computational power than the asymptotic end of it. If we do not care the relation between the simulated time and the real time too much then we have an engineering simulator. The only thing what differs it from an off-line simulation program is the .