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chìa khóa để hoàn thành thế giới quan của Adam Smith của sự thịnh vượng toàn cầu. Böhm-Bawerk, giống như Adam Smith, là một hậu vệ mẽ tiết kiệm và đầu tư là một yếu tố quan trọng trong tăng trưởng kinh tế. Lao động đơn giản và làm việc chăm chỉ không đủ để đạt được một mức sống cao hơn. | 164 THE BIG THREE IN ECONOMICS rated. Government expenditures on goods and services which had been running at under 15 percent of GNP during the 1930s jumped to 46 percent by 1944 while unemployment reached the incredible low of 1.2 percent of the civilian labor force Lipsey Steiner and Purvis 1987 573 . Paul Samuelson Raises the Keynesian Cross As noted earlier Keynes died in 1946 right after the war. It would be left to his disciples to lead the charge and create a new economics. Fortunately for Keynes a young wunderkind was ready to fill his shoes. His name was Paul Samuelson and he would write a textbook that would dominate the profession for more than an entire generation. The year was 1948 one of those watershed years that occasionally crops up in economics. Remember 1776 1848 and 1871 In early 1948 the Austrian emigre Ludwig von Mises secluded in his New York apartment was typing a short article Stones into Bread the Keynesian Miracle for a conservative publication Plain Talk. What is going on today in the United States he declared solemnly is the final failure of Keynesianism. There is no doubt that the American public is moving away from the Keynesian notions and slogans. Their prestige is dwindling Mises 1980 1952 62 . Perhaps it was wishful thinking but Mises could not have misread the times more egregiously in 1948. It was in that very year that the new economics of John Maynard Keynes was being hailed by Keynes s rapidly growing number of disciples as the wave of the future and the savior of capitalism. Literally hundreds of articles and dozens of books had been published about Keynes and the new Keynesian model since Keynes wrote The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money. The Other Cambridge The year 1948 was also when Seymour E. Harris chairman of the economics department at Harvard produced an edited volume entitled Saving American Capitalism. This was a sequel to his 1947 edited work The New Economics. Both best-sellers were filled with .
