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Mặc dù PCR cho JC virus trong dịch não tủy có thể được chẩn đoán, chẩn đoán xác định được thực hiện bởi bộ não sinh thiết. d-sai, kết quả trong cái chết trong vòng 3-6 tháng. điện tử thực sự, như với amantadine và arabinoside adenine. | matter junction that LACKS mass effect and do NOT enhance following contrast administration. c- true but rarely done in clinical practice. Although PCR for JC virus in the CSF may be diagnostic definitive diagnosis is done by brain biopsy. d- false results in death within 3-6 months. e- true as with amantadine and adenine arabinoside. Unfortunately no treatment is effective. Q28 Answer e a- true but the disease uncommon. b- true variable course. c- true and finally coma. d- true only symptomatic measures and cessation of drinking and improvement in nutrition is advised. e- false the outcome is highly variable patients may die survive with dementia or recover. Q29 Answer e a- true over many years . b- true due to aluminum in the dialysate fluids and may be aggravated by aluminum containing antiacids. c- true an aggressive picture resulting in death within 6 months. d- true these changes are characteristically reversible by diazepam. e- false the disease is now very rare because of removal of aluminum from dialysate fluids. Q30 Answer e a- true should be differentiated from alcoholic cerebellar degeneration which primarily affects gait. b- true and may be punctuated by episodes of acute hepatic encephalopathy. c- true some improvement following L-dopa or bromocryptin has been described. d- true but paraparesis is rare. e- false the CSF is almost always normal apart from raised glutamine level although slightly raised protein may be found. Q31 Answer d a- true usually between the ages of 50-70 years. Prior history of head trauma is absent in 25 of cases. b- true and may be easily missed by CT scans because bilateral hematomas are isodense with the brain and there is no midline shift. The hematomas may be demonstrated by contrast CT scans. In few cases its demonstration requires cerebral angiography which should always be done bilaterally. MRI is also useful. c- true other risk factors are alcoholics epilepsy treatment with anticoagulations cerebral atrophy from any .