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Many recent studies have reported that microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and function are related to the molecular mechanisms of various clinical diseases. Several methods, including northern blotting and DNA chip anal-yses, are capable of assessing miRNA-production patterns in cells. How-ever, the development of repetitive monitoring of the miRNA-production profile in a noninvasive manner is demanded for the application of miRNAs to human medicine. | ỊFEBS Journal MINIREVIEW A study of microRNAs in silico and in vivo bioimaging of microRNA biogenesis and regulation Soonhag Kim1 2 Do W. Hwang2 3 and Dong S. Lee2 3 1 MedicalResearch Center SeoulNationalUniversity College of Medicine Korea 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine SeoulNationalUniversity College of Medicine Korea 3 Programs in Neuroscience SeoulNationalUniversity Korea Keywords bioimaging microRNA primary RNA luciferase Correspondence S. Kim Department of Nuclear Medicine MedicalResearch Center SeoulNational University College of Medicine 28 Yongon-dong Jongno-gu Seoul110 744 Korea Fax 82 2 3668 7090 Tel 82 2 3668 7028 E-mail kimsoonhag@empal.com D. S. Lee Department of Nuclear Medicine SeoulNationalUniversity College of Medicine 28 Yongon-dong Jongno-gu Seoul 110 744 Korea Fax 82 2 3668 7090 Tel 82 2 2072 2501 E-mail dsl@plaza.snu.ac.kr Many recent studies have reported that microRNA miRNA biogenesis and function are related to the molecular mechanisms of various clinical diseases. Several methods including northern blotting and DNA chip analyses are capable of assessing miRNA-production patterns in cells. However the development of repetitive monitoring of the miRNA-production profile in a noninvasive manner is demanded for the application of miRNAs to human medicine. Here we describe a noninvasive system for monitoring miRNA biogenesis from the stage of primary transcripts to that of mature miRNA regulation. We review the optical methods that have been developed to image miRNA production at each step of the miRNA-processing pathway in living subjects. We propose that an optical miRNA-imaging strategy based on molecular imaging can be used as an miRNA imaging detector to monitor various miRNAs by using different reporters simultaneously for high-throughput screening and will provide potential application for the diagnosis and therapeutics of multiple diseases. These authors contributed equally to this work Received 25 August 2008 revised 8 December 2008
