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trên một sự hiểu biết về sự cần thiết để giữ một mắt ra và sẵn sàng báo cáo về sự cố đáng ngờ và activities.73 Hoa Kỳ và Nga đã thực hiện một nỗ lực chung để thúc đẩy một nền văn hóa an ninh tại các trang web Nga với plutonium và HEU, | 144 Matthew Bunn on an understanding of the need to keep an eye out for and be willing to report on suspicious incidents and activities.73 The United States and Russia have undertaken a joint effort to promote a security culture at Russian sites with plutonium and HEU but there is a great deal more to be done at these sites and elsewhere around the world. The series of incidents that have taken place at Los Alamos over the decades and the 2007 incidents in the U.S. Air Force which led Secretary of Defense Robert Gates to ask for the resignation of both the secretary of the Air Force and the Air Force chief of staff make clear that further steps to strengthen nuclear security culture are needed in the United States as well.74 Finding ways to change ingrained cultures at a wide range of nuclear-related institutions throughout the world remains an extraordinary policy challenge.75 Building Non-Proliferation Professional Norms An understanding of the threat posed by the proliferation of nuclear biological and chemical weapons and the personal responsibility of each person who has access to technologies that are relevant to such weapons should become a normal part of training and professional development in these fields. Professional societies should include non-proliferation pledges in their codes of ethics and professional behavior. Improving Controls over Proliferation-Sensitive Technologies One of the most troubling aspects of either the nuclear theft cases of the 1990s or the history of the black-market nuclear technology networks is how weak the controls were that the conspirators had to overcome. In one case in 1993 for example an individual walked through a gaping hole in a fence at a naval base walked to a small shed snapped the padlock with a metal bar entered the shed took several kilograms of enriched uranium and retraced his steps without setting off an alarm or encountering a guard. No one noticed until hours later and then only because he had been .
