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để kiểm soát lạm phát cũng giống như chi tiêu chính phủ cao và thâm hụt lớn của chính phủ là không được sản xuất bởi các lực lượng ngoài tầm kiểm soát của mỗi nước. Năng suất thấp là một lời giải thích yêu thích lạm phát. Tuy nhiên, xem xét Brazil. | The Tide Is Turning 297 likely to be to try to influence a bureaucrat to rale in yourfavor. You may appeal to your elected representative butifso you are perhaps more likely to ask him to intervene on your behalf with a bureaucrat than to ask him to support a specific pieceof legislation. Increasingly success in business depends on knowing one s way around Washington having influence with legislators and bureaucrats. What has come to be called a revolving door has developed between government and business. Serving a term as a civil servant in Washington has become an apprenticeship for a successful business career. Government jobs are sought less as the first step in a lifetime government career than for the value of contacts and inside knowledge to a possible future employer. Conflict-of-interest legislation proliferates butatbestonlyelim-inates the most obvious abuses. When a special interest seeks benefits through highly visible legislation it not only must clothe its appeal in the rhetoric of the general interest it must persuade a significantsegmentof disinterested persons that its appeal has merit. Legislation recognized as naked self-interest will seldom be adopted as illustrated by the recent defeat of further special pri vileges to themerchant marine despite endorsement by President Carterafterreceiving substantial campaign assistance from the unions involved. Protect -ing the steel industry from foreign competition is promoted as contributing to national security and full employment subsidizing agriculture as assuring a reliable supply of food the postal monopoly as cementing the nation together and so on without end. Nearly a century ago A. V. Dicey explained why the rhetoric in terms of the general interest is so persuasive The beneficial effect of state intervention especially in the form of legislation is direct immediate and so to speak visible while its evil effects are gradual and indirect and lie out of sight. . . . I fence the majority of mankind
