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các nhân viên trung tâm dữ liệu có cấu hình trung tâm dữ liệu cho các ứng dụng mới. Các quá trình đấu thầu nội bộ có thể mất một thời gian dài, tùy thuộc vào chính sách công ty. Tất nhiên, không có gì là đơn giản như nó có thể xuất hiện. | _Chapter 8 Managing Data 77 Cloud providers must ensure the security and privacy of your data but you are ultimately responsible for your company s data. This means that industry and government regulations created to protect personal and business information still apply even if the data is managed or stored by an outside vendor. For example the European Union has implemented a complex set of data protection laws for its member states. In addition industry regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HIPAA must be followed whether or not your data is in the cloud. Data privacy and security issues are overriding concerns for companies evaluating a cloud services strategy. For this reason many companies are testing public cloud environments with smaller more-contained implementations that don t rely on data subject to compliance regulations. Data location in the cloud After data goes into the cloud you may not have control over where it s stored geographically. Consider these issues Specific country laws Laws governing data differ across geographic boundaries. Your own country s legal protections may not apply if your data is located outside of the country. A foreign government may be able to access your data or keep you from fully controlling your data when you need it. Data transfer across country borders A global company with subsidiaries or partners or clients for that matter in other countries may be concerned about cross-border transfer of data due to local laws. Virtualization makes this an especially tough problem because the cloud provider might not know where the data is at any particular moment. For more about virtualization see Chapter 17. Co-mingling of data Even if your data is in a country that has laws you re comfortable with your data may be physically stored in a database along with data from other companies. This raises concerns about virus attacks or hackers trying to get at .