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In recent years, the international community has paid attention to the water quality problem, especially since Agenda 21, which is the action plan to protect the environment, was adopted in 1992 (WHO/UNEP 1997: 10.1.1). In addition, in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, one of the goals is to ‘reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water’ (United Nations 2000). It has been internationally acknowledged that water problems are at a crisis point for human life as well as the environment. Along this line of growing international concern, this paper. | In Air Pollution VII. WIT PRESS. Advances in Air Pollution 6 251260 1999. Urban air pollution caused by motor-traffic H. Mayer 1 Ch. Haustein 2 A. Matzarakis 1 1 Meteorological Institute University of Freiburg D-79085 Freiburg Germany EMail hmayer@uni-freiburg.de 2 TUVSouth Germany Westendstr. 199 D-80686Munich Germany Abstract Experimental investigations on urban air pollution caused by motor-traffic have taken place in Munich a super-city in the southern part of Germany. From sum-mer 1990 through spring 1993 stationary and non-stationary measurements of the classical near-to-ground air pollutants NO NO2 O3 and CO were taken in a mobile measuring system. This consisted of a van with gas analysers together with a trailer for the power supply. The results presented in this article show the dependence of air pollution levels upon traffic density meteorological conditions urban structures street canyon situations and various vehicular tunnels. 1 Introduction The dispersion and dilution of air pollutants emitted by vehicles is one of the most investigated topics within urban meteorology Theurer et al. 1 Clifford et al. 2 . Air pollution has become a serious health hazard to the inhabitants of many mega-cities Raga and Le Moyne 3 Lam et al. 4 and its fundamental impact on the environment affects cities of all sizes. The issues which arise in ur-ban planning concern the average and peak values of various air pollutants as well as their temporal trends and spatial variability. A special experimental investigation on air pollution caused by motortraffic within urban spaces has taken place hereby known in its abbreviated form IMKRAL Mayer and Haustein 5 6 Haustein and Mayer 7 . It was mainly conducted in Munich a city of about 1.3 million inhabitants located in Southern Germany. The aim of IMKRAL was to draw specific information about the dispersion dilution and distribution as well as photochemical reactions of air pollu-tants within different urban structures some .
