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This meant that the plants were doing little in the beginning to clean the inflow. In the beginning it was not known if the plants would survive such a harsh environment. But after five months the plants have proven that they are a plant well designed for this environment. Some benefits about these plants are that they produce no seed, have no rhizomes, and can only reproduce by physically moving a piece of the plant. At five months, the plants are three feet in height and the root systems are now reaching the bottom of. | Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II - Water Pollution Victoria Transport Policy Institute www.vtpi.org 5.15 Water Pollution and Hydrologic Impacts This chapter describes water pollution and hydrologic impacts caused by transport facilities and vehicle use. 5.15.1 Chapter Index 5.15 Water Pollution and Hydrologic Impacts.1 5.15.2 Definitions.1 5.15.3 Discussion.1 5.15.4 Estimates .3 Summary Table . 3 Water Pollution Combined Estimates. 4 Storm Water Hydrology and Wetlands.8 5.15.5 Variability.9 5.15.6 Equity and Efficiency Issues.9 5.15.7 Conclusion.9 5.15.8 Information Resources . 11 5.15.2 Definitions Water pollution refers to harmful substances released into surface or ground water either directly or indirectly. Hydrologic impacts refers to changes in surface streams and rivers and groundwater flows. 5.15.3 Discussion Motor vehicles roads and parking facilities are a major source of water pollution and hydrologic disruptions.1 These include Water Pollution Crankcase oil drips and disposal. Road de-icing salt damage. Roadside herbicides. Leaking underground storage tanks. Air pollution settlement. Hydrologic Impacts Increased impervious surfaces. Concentrated runoff increased flooding. Loss of wetlands. Shoreline modifications. Construction activities along shorelines. These impacts impose various costs including polluted surface and ground water contaminated drinking water increased flooding and flood control costs wildlife habitat damage reduced fish stocks loss of unique natural features and aesthetic losses. 1 Chester Arnold and James Gibbons 1996 Impervious Surface Coverage The Emergence of a Key Environmental Indicator American Planning Association Journal Vol. 62 No. 2 www.planning.org Spring pp. 243-258 EPA 1999 Indicators of the Environmental Impacts of Transportation Center for Transportation and the Environment www.itre.ncsu.edu cte Richard Forman et al 2003 Road Ecology Science and Solutions Island Press www.islandpress.com . 22 February 2012 .