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Cuộc sống hàng ngày đòi hỏi một mức độ cao của nhận thức linh hoạt để điều chỉnh hành vi để thay đổi nhanh chóng nhu cầu môi trường. | This page intentionally left blank 9 The Role of the Posterior Frontolateral Cortex in Task-Related Control Marcel Brass Jan Derrfuss and D. Yves von Cramon Daily life requires a high degree of cognitive flexibility to adjust behavior to rapidly changing environmental demands. This flexible adjustment is driven by past experiences current goals and environmental factors. It is now widely accepted that the lateral prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in such environmentally guided cognitive flexibility. More specifically a number of brain imaging studies have claimed that cognitive control is primarily related to the so-called dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DLPFC or the mid-DLPFC Banich et al. 2000 MacDonald et al. 2000 Petrides 2000 . This has been shown using a variety of different cognitive control paradigms such as the task-switching paradigm and the Stroop task. However closer inspection of the existing literature and new experimental findings reveals that the lateral prefrontal cortex can be further subdivided into functionally distinct regions Koechlin et al. 2003 Bunge 2004 Brass et al. 2005 . In the first part of this chapter we will outline evidence from different approaches showing that an area posterior to the mid-DLPFC plays a crucial role in cognitive control. This region is located at the junction of the inferior frontal sulcus IFS and the inferior precentral sulcus and was therefore named the inferior frontal junction area IFJ . First we will outline the structural neuroanatomy of the posterior frontolateral cortex in general with a strong focus on the IFJ. Then we will report a series of brain imaging studies in which we have shown that the IFJ is related to the updating of task representations. Moreover we will provide data from comparisons of different cognitive control paradigms indicating that these paradigms show a functional overlap in the IFJ. In the second part of the chapter we will outline how the IFJ is functionally related to other .
