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Lichens are long-lived and can be monitored, field conditions permitting, in any season. Many lichens have extensive geographical ranges, allowing study of pollution gradients over large areas. These properties make them useful for spatial and temporal evaluation of pollutant accumulation in the environment. Epiphytic lichens (those that grow on trees or plants) are often best suited to the study of air pollution effects on lichen communities, lichen growth or physiology, and to the study of pollutant loading and distribution. Because they lack roots and are located above the ground, epiphytic lichens usually receive greater exposure to. | A FRA Jnilid SlatBS Wil Environmental Protection vtl Agnncy USING BIOREACTORS TO CONTROL AIR POLLUTION EPA-456 R-03-003 September 2003 USING BIOREACTORS TO CONTROL AIR POLLUTION Prepared by The Clean Air Technology Center CATC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency E143-03 Research Triangle Park North Carolina 27711 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Information Transfer and Program Integration Division Information Transfer Group E143-03 Research Triangle Park North Carolina 27711 DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Information Transfer and Program Integration Division of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents of this report reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products is not intended to constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Copies of this report are available from the National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield Virginia 22161 telephone number 800 553-6847. .
