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Forests cover about 30 percent of total land area, but they store about 50 percent of the Earth’s terrestrial carbon (1,150 GtC) in plant biomass, litter and debris, or in the soil. About 20 percent of total GHG emissions are caused by deforestation and land use changes but in tropical regions emissions attributable to land clearance are much higher, up to 40 percent of national totals. Reducing deforestation and degradation (REDD) is the forest mitigation option with the largest potential for maintaining carbon stocks in standing forests over the short term. Various types of wetlands – including swamp forests, mangroves, peatlands, mires and marshes – are also. | DANISH ENERGY AUTHORITY Offshore Wind Farms and the Environment Danish Experiences from Horns Rev and Nysted PREFACE The Power Source for the Future Our future energy supply faces numerous challenges and has become subject to unstable international conditions. To meet these challenges offshore wind has a key role to play. Offshore windpower can contribute significantly to achieving the EU goals of a 21 per cent share of renewable electricity by 2010 halting global warming and reducing our dependence on coal oil and gas. We have come a long way since the 1980s when most electricity production was based on coal and when the acidification of forests and lakes by acid rain was the predominant theme in the environmental debate. Today wind power provides 20 of Danish electricity consumption. Within a few years the wind power industry has grown to become a significant industrial sector providing huge benefits for exports and employment. We are now talking about windpower generation plants rather than single turbines and the Danish wind power industry is at the leading edge in an ever more competitive global market. In the energy strategy for 2025 the Government expects to see a significant increase in the use of renewable energy in the years to come. The market-based expansion of this sector will be brought about through incentive schemes and investment in physical infrastructure as well as research- development- and demonstration. With higher oil prices and high CO2 allowance prices we expect that a significant proportion of the renewable energy expansion will be delivered by large offshore wind farms. At sea wind resources are better and suitable sites are more readily available to enable these large projects to operate in harmony with the surrounding environment. We are therefore very pleased that the Danish environmental monitoring programme on large scale offshore wind power has received a positive evaluation by the International Advisory Panel of Experts on Marine .
