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Tham khảo sách 'guidelines onurological trauma', khoa học xã hội, thư viện thông tin phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Guidelines on Urological Trauma N. Djakovic E. Plas L. Martinez-Pineiro Th. Lynch Y. Mor R.A. Santucci E. Serafetinidis L.N. Turkeri M. Hohenfellner European Association of Urology 2009 European Association of Urology TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 Background 6 1.2 Reference 6 2. RENAL TRAUMA 6 2.1 Background 6 2.2 Mode of injury 7 2.2.1 Injury classification 7 2.3 Diagnosis initial emergency assessment 8 2.3.1 History and physical examination 8 2.3.2 Recommendations 8 2.3.3 Laboratory evaluation 8 2.3.4 Recommendations 9 2.3.5 Imaging criteria for radiographic assessment in adults 9 2.3.5.1 Ultrasonography 9 2.3.5.2 Standard intravenous pyelogram IVP 10 2.3.5.3 One-shot intraoperative IVP 10 2.3.5.4 Computed tomography CT 10 2.3.5.5 Magnetic resonance imaging MRI 11 2.3.5.6 Angiography 11 2.3.5.7 Radionuclide scans 11 2.3.6 Recommendations 11 2.4 Treatment 12 2.4.1 Indications for renal exploration 12 2.4.2 Operative findings and reconstruction 12 2.4.3 Non-operative management of renal injuries 13 2.4.4 Recommendations 13 2.4.5 Post-operative care and follow-up 13 2.4.6 Recommendations 14 2.4.7 Complications 14 2.4.8 Recommendations 15 2.4.9 Paediatric renal trauma 15 2.4.10 Recommendations 16 2.4.11 Renal injury in the polytrauma patient 16 2.4.12 Recommendations 16 2.5 Iatrogenic renal injuries 16 2.5.1 Iatrogenic vascular injuries 16 2.5.2 Renal transplantation 17 2.5.3 Percutaneous renal procedures 17 2.5.4 Recommendations 19 2.6 Suggestions for future research studies 19 2.7 Algorithms 19 2.8 References 22 3. URETERAL TRAUMA 30 3.1 Introduction 30 3.2 Aetiology 30 3.3 Diagnosis 30 3.3.1 Clinical diagnosis 30 3.3.2 Radiological diagnosis 31 3.4 Classification 31 3.5 Management 31 3.5.1 Partial injuries 31 3.5.2 Complete injuries 32 3.5.3 Sterile surgery 32 3.5.3.1 Uretero-ureterostomy 32 3.5.3.2 Ureterocalycostomy 32 2 UPDATE MARCH 2009 3.5.3.3 Transuretero-ureterostomy 33 3.5.3.4 Ureteroneocystostomy with Boari flap 33 3.5.3.5 Ureterocystostomy
