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Mobile telephone technology should be used (where coverage allows this) to automatically download data centrally, followed by automated QA checks and input to a database. Data should be made available over the internet, updated on at least a daily basis. Locally based staff should visually check systems at least once a month and make a preliminary investigation of any anomalous results. Calibration and basic maintenance must be carried out during an annual visit by specialist staff. Installation and site characteristics should follow ECN protocols (Sykes & Lane, 1996). Constraints Start-up costs are relatively high where. | 1 Economic growth and atmospheric pollution in Spain discussing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis Jordi Roca Emilio Padilla Mariona Farré and Vittorio Galletto Departament de Teoria Econòmica. Universitat de Barcelona Avda. Diagonal 690 08034 Barcelona Spain Departament d Economia Aplicada. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Edifici B. Campus de Bellaterra 08193 Bellaterra Spain Departament d Economia Aplicada. Universitat de Lleida Plaẹa Victor Siurana 1 25003 Lleida Spain CORRESPONDENCE AUTHOR Jordi Roca Departament de Teoria Econòmica. Universitat de Barcelona Avda. Diagonal 690 08034 Barcelona Tel 34 934021942 Fax 34 934021937 jroca@eco.ub.es 2 ABSTRACT The environmental Kuznets curve EKC hypothesis posits an inverted U relationship between environmental pressure and per capita income. Recent research has examined this hypothesis for different pollutants in different countries. Despite certain empirical evidence shows that some environmental pressures have diminished in developed countries the hypothesis could not be generalized to the global relationship between economy and environment at all. In this article we contribute to this debate analyzing the trends of annual emission flux of six atmospheric pollutants in Spain. The study presents evidence that there is not any correlation between higher income level and smaller emissions except for SO2 whose evolution might be compatible with the EKC hypothesis. The authors argue that the relationship between income level and diverse types of emissions depends on many factors. Thus it cannot be thought that economic growth by itself will solve environmental problems. KEY WORDS Environmental Kuznets Curve atmospheric pollution Spain. 3 1. Introduction the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis Several recent studies have suggested that there is an inverted U relationship between environmental pressure or quality and per capita income level1. This hypothesis is called the environmental Kuznets curve EKC .
