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This report provides an overview of the statutory framework, key players, infrastructure, resources, tools, and operations associated with enforcement and compliance of the major pollution control laws and regulations administered by EPA. It also outlines the roles of federal (including regional offices) and state regulators, as well as the regulated community. Understanding the many facets of how all federal pollution control laws are enforced, and the responsible parties involved, can be challenging. Enforcement of the considerable body of these laws involves a complex framework and organizational setting. The array of enforcement/compliance tools employed to achieve and maintain compliance includes monitoring,. | EUSGS Prtexert Wildlife Research Carter AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PETROLEUM POLLUTION by Peter H. Albers USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Beltsville Lab c o BARC-East Building 308 10300 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville MD 20705 palbers@usgs.gov Please cite this material as Albers P. H. 1998. An Annotated Bibliography on Petroleum Pollution. Version 2007. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Laurel MD. INTRODUCTION Petroleum has been recognized as a potential environmental contaminant since shortly after the beginning of the Twentieth Century. Reports of the biological consequences of ship wrecks involving cargos of crude and fuel oil began to appear in the popular and scientific press. Scientific literature on the subject was sparse until after World War II when reports of the effects of oil pollution began to appear with greater frequency. The wreck of the Torrey Canyon off the coast of England in 1967 stimulated worldwide interest in the effects of petroleum and cleanup methods on environmental resources. Research on the environmental effects of petroleum peaked during the 1970s and early 1980s. A recent surge of interest in North America was induced by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound Alaska. The accumulated literature on this well-studied contaminant is vast covering topics as diverse as analytical chemistry chemical fate oil spill prevention and response mitigation and restoration economic and social analysis and biological effects on all forms of plant and animal life in saltwater freshwater and terrestrial environments. A small amount of literature on shale oil synthetic coal oil oil sands crude oil and non-petroleum oils animal and plant are also included in this bibliography. The bibliography is based on a personal reference collection exceeding 2 000 citations and growing at an approximate rate of 50 citations per year. It is primarily a collection of published and readily accessible scientific reports appearing in journals .
