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from the Latin cella, meaning storeroom or chamber. It was first used in biology in 1665 by the English botanist Robert Hooke to describe the individual units of the honeycomb-like structure he observed in cork under a compound microscope. The “cells” Hooke observed were actually the empty lumens of dead cells surrounded by cell walls, but the term is an apt one because cells are the basic building blocks that define plant structure. This book will emphasize the physi | p íirư Physioíơgy Front Cover A prickly pear cactus blooms prufuselv in Big Bend National Park. Texas. Photo 10 Willard Clay Plant Physiology Third Edition Copyright 2002 by Sinauer Associates Inc. All rights reserved. This book may not be reprinted in whole or in part without permission from the publisher. For information or to order address Sinauer Associates Inc. 23 Plum tree Road PO Box 407 Sunderland MA 01375 U.S.A FAX 413 549-11 IS Email pub I i sh sinauer.com w ww.sina uiT.com Library of Congress Calaloging-in-Publication Data Taiz Lincoln. Plant physiology Liincoln Taiz Eduardo Zeiger. 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references p. land index. ISBN 07 93-823-0 hardcover I Plant physiology. I. Zeiger Eduardo. IL Title. QK711.2 T35 2UO2 571 2-dc21 21X120119242 6 5 4 3 Chapter Plant Cells THE TERM CELL IS DERIVED from the Latin cella meaning storeroom or chamber. It was first used in biology in 1665 by the English botanist Robert Hooke to describe the individual units of the honeycomb-like structure he observed in cork under a compound microscope. The cells Hooke observed were actually the empty lumens of dead cells surrounded by cell walls but the term is an apt one because cells are the basic building blocks that define plant structure. This book will emphasize the physiological and biochemical functions of plants but it is important to recognize that these functions depend on structures whether the process is gas exchange in the leaf water conduction in the xylem photosynthesis in the chloroplast or ion transport across the plasma membrane. At every level structure and function represent different frames of reference of a biological unity. This chapter provides an overview of the basic anatomy of plants from the organ level down to the ultrastructure of cellular organelles. In subsequent chapters we will treat these structures in greater detail from the perspective of their physiological functions in the plant life cycle. PLANT LIFE UNIFYING .
