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Một khi các cơ quan giám sát phê duyệt sử dụng của một ngân hàng của phương pháp tiếp cận IRB nền tảng, là câu hỏi của các trọng số rủi ro sẽ được áp dụng. Basel giao hai trọng lượng nguy cơ. Trọng lượng nguy cơ đầu tiên là một chức năng của PD, được cung cấp bởi ngân hàng; thứ hai | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 417 ------- Financial Crises In this region exports increasingly manufactured goods trebled between 1986 and 1996 and on average made up about 40 of each country s GDP by 1996. These countries competing with each other in global markets faced growing pressure from Chinese products and frequently except in Korea the firms were foreign owned. Restrictions on capital movements had been liberalised and by 1996 were completely free. These economies experienced a huge inflow of foreign credit but see below inward foreign direct investment had started to decline. Increasingly foreign firms were looking to China as the Asian base for their manufacturing plants. For the five Asian countries 18 75 billion of net international credit was granted in 1995-96 consisting of bank loans 20 net bond finance 22 and net interbank 58 compared to just 17 billion or 18 of total net capital inflows for net equity and portfolio investment. In 1997 it fell to 2 billion just under 4 of net capital inflows compared to 54 billion in foreign credit.19 Large indebted corporations exerted strong political influence. Nowhere was this more evident than in Korea. In the 1960s the Korean government adopted an industrial policy that was to transform it from a largely agricultural economy to one based on manufacturing which by 1996 absorbed 90 of capital and accounted for 61 of GDP. The economic miracle was achieved through complex interactive relationships between the government which directed state investment in around 30 chaebol family owned industrial groups each associated with a financial institution responsible for meeting the chaebol s funding needs. Long-standing relationship banking consolidated the link between chaebol and bank.20 Using funds generated from household savings the government also supported about 30 state owned firms which were largely monopolies. The government promoted key sectors such as .
