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Computers using vacuum tubes as their electronic elements were in use throughout the 1950s, but by the 1960s they had been largely replaced by transistor-based machines, which were smaller, faster, cheaper to produce, required less power, and were more reliable. The first transistorised computer was demonstrated at the University of Manchester in 1953.[31] In the 1970s, integrated circuit technology and the subsequent creation of microprocessors, such as the Intel 4004, further decreased size and cost and further increased speed and reliability of computers. By the late 1970s, many products such as video recorders contained dedicated computers called microcontrollers, and they. | The design of functional programs a calculalional approach PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graod van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven op gezag van de Rector ỉĩlagni ficus prof. ir. m. Tels voor een commissie aangeuiezen door het Coliege van Dekanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 19 decertiber 1989 te 14.00 uur door ROBERT RICHARD H00GERW00RD geboren te Gorinchem Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotorcn prof. dr. m. Ftem er prof. dr. F.E.J. Kruseman Rretz Contents 0 Introduction 0 0.0 The subject of this monograph 0 0.1 On the functional-program notation 1 0.2 The structure of this monograph 3 0.3 Notational and mathematical conventions 3 1 The basic formalism e 1.0 Introduction 8 1.1 Values and expressions 9 1.2 Intermezzo on combinatory logic 12 1.3 The dot postulate 13 1.4 LUhere-ctauses 14 1.5 Free names programs and substitution 17 1.6 multiple definitions 19 1.7 Proof and manipulation rules 20 1.7.0 introduction and Elimination of mhere-clauses 20 1.7.1 folding and unfolding 22 1.7.2 shunting 23 1.8 Specifications programming and modularisation 24 1.9 Functions 26 1.10 Types 2S 1.11 On recursion 31 1.12 Examples 33 2 Ths program notation 38 2.0 Introduction 38 2.1 On types and operators 38 2.2 Function composition 40 2.3 The types Bool Nat and Int 40 2.4 The relational operators 42 2.5 Guarded selections 43 2.6 Tuples 47 2.7 Parameter and definition patterns .
