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Congenital heart defects occur in approximately 1% of newborns and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children. Many adult cardiac diseases also have developmental basis, such as heart valve malformations, among others. Therefore, dissecting the developmental and molecular mechanisms underlying such defects in embryos is of great importance in prevention and developing therapeutics for heart diseases that manifest in infants or later in adults. Whole embryo culture is a valuable tool to study cardiac development in midgestation embryos, in which ventricular chambers are specifi ed and expand, and the myocardium and endocardium interact to form various cardiac structures including heart valves and. | Biology 8 Springer Protocols Xu Peng MarcAntonyak Editors Cardiovascular Development Methods and Protocols Humana Press Methods in Molecular Biology Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield Hertfordshire AL10 9AB UK For further volumes http www.springer.com series .
