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Pals pediatric advanced life support review - part 8

Trên những gì tỷ lệ phần trăm của sự mất mát khối lượng máu sẽ được quan sát thấy dấu hiệu bị sốc? 15%. Sau những gì tỷ lệ mất máu, hạ huyết áp sẽ có mặt? Sau khi 25% -30% trở lên của khối lượng máu của trẻ em đã bị mất sâu sắc. T / F: Các dấu hiệu của sốc ban đầu có thể được tinh tế ở trẻ | 102 PALS Pediatric Advanced Life Support Review o Above what percentage of blood volume loss will signs of shock be observed 15 . o After what percentage of blood loss will hypotension be present After 25 30 or more of the child s blood volume has been lost acutely. o T F Signs of shock may initially be subtle in the child and may be difficult to differentiate from signs of pain or fear. True. o What are the early signs of circulatory failure Tachycardia Decrease in intensity of peripheral pulses Delayed capillary refill o What number and kind of IV catheter should be used in pediatric trauma Two short large-bore catheters. o Are the upper or lower extremities preferred and why The upper extremities because injuries to the lower extremities are more common in young children. o Is the efficacy of fluid resuscitation in young subjects related more to site of venous access or fluid volume type and speed of delivery Volume type and speed. o What route should be used if intravenous access cannot be established Intraosseous. o If you are unable to establish intravenous or intraosseous access what should you do Attempt percutaneous cannulation of the femoral vein at the groin or saphenous vein cutdown at the ankle if skilled personnel are available. o Fill in the blanks health-care providers should attempt to secure thecatheter in the__vein possible at the sites with which they are most__. Healthcare providers should attempt to secure the largest catheter in the largest vein possible at the sites with which they are most experienced. o Define compensated shock. Systemic perfusion is inadequate but blood pressure is normal. o What class of hemorrhage is present in compensated shock Class I II mild to moderate hypovolemia. CHAPTER 8 Trauma Resuscitation 103 o How should compensated shock be treated With rapid volume replacement with a bolus of 20 ml kg of isotonic crystalloid solution. o What two isotonic crystalloids are used in resuscitation Normal saline .