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Chương này đánh giá dược lý của thuốc cần thiết cho hồi sức và ổn định của trẻ sơ sinh và trẻ em và bao gồm một cuộc thảo luận về điều trị bằng chất lỏng và cân bằng acid-base. Cân nhắc điều trị, chỉ dẫn, liều lượng, đường dùng, biện pháp phòng ngừa, và lâm sàng đề nghị các hình thức có sẵn các loại thuốc | Fluid Therapy and CHAPTER 6 Medications - r Ì The reason grandparents and grandchildren get along so well is that they have a common enemy. Sam Levenson This chapter reviews the pharmacology of drugs essential for resuscitation and stabilization of infants and children and includes a discussion of fluid therapy and acid-base balance. Therapeutic considerations indications doses routes of administration precautions and clinically recommended available forms of medications used in the resuscitation and advanced life support of infants and children are also presented. o What are the three major objectives of fluid administration during resuscitation Restore circulating volume for hypovolemic shock Restore oxygen-carrying capacity for hemorrhagic shock Correct metabolic acidosis o What are the two causes of acid-base imbalance Respiratory failure Circulatory failure o What are the five objectives of medication administration during resuscitation Enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion during CPR Stimulate more forceful cardiac contractions Increase the heart rate Correct metabolic acidosis Suppress ventricular dysrhythmias o What is the most common cause of shock in children Hypovolemic shock. o What are the three causes of volume loss hypovolemic shock GI losses through vomiting and diarrhea Diabetic ketoacidosis through increased urination diuresis Trauma 51 Copyright 2007 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Click here for terms of use. 52 PALS Pediatric Advanced Life Support Review o What kind of shock is caused by peripheral vasodilatation resulting in venous pooling of blood and a decrease of blood returning to the central circulation Neurogenic shock. o What types of shock result from both vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability causing plasma losses out of the vascular space and into the interstitium caused Septic shock Anaphylactic shock o What is shock resulting from inadequate heart pump function called Cardiogenic shock. o What are the three .
