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We use data from a variety of sources. Our primary file on firm characteristics is the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 1997 Employer Health Insurance Survey (EHIS). The survey collects a rich set of information about the firms: regardless of whether insurance is offered, establishment size, 10 broad industry groups, and most important from our perspective, the proportion of female workers and the percent of workers in each of four broad age categories. Starting from the full survey on 41 432 employers, we exclude results from government establishments, firms with no permanent full time employees, firms with missing values (mostly for income or industry type), and firms. | AMERICAN LAND TITLE ASSOCIATION 1828 L Street NW Suite 705 Washington DC 20036-5104 Telephone 202 296-3671 TITLE INSURANCE A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW Table of Contents I. Title Insurance Overview 2 II. History of Title Insurance 3 III. Types of Title Insurance 4 IV. Costs of Title Insurance 4 V. The Search Process 5 VI. Benefiting Parties A. Buyers 6 B. Sellers 6 C. Lenders 6 D. Brokers 7 E. Attorneys 7 F. Homebuilders 8 VII. Secondary Mortgage Market 8 VIII. Regulatory Environment A. State vs. Federal Governance 10 B. Monoline Insurance 10 C. RESPA Reform 11 IX. ALTA Uniform Policies 12 1 I. TITLE INSURANCE OVERVIEW The title insurance industry has been protecting the American dream of homeownership for more than 125 years. Real estate property is the nation s largest asset and the 1990s was one of the best decades in American history for housing. The behind-the-scenes work of title companies ensures the quick and secure transfer of land fostering lender and consumer confidence in their real estate investments. The objective of title insurance remains the same as it has always been - helping the parties in real estate transactions to determine their rights and interests and assuring that land transfer is expeditious and secure. Protecting the parties involved in real estate transactions is the reason the title insurance product was developed. In this country matters affecting ownership and other real estate interests are entered in public records. Before a transaction is completed a title search of the records is made in an effort to locate potential problems so that they can be rectified and the transfer can proceed. While most problems can be located in a title search by skilled professionals there can be hidden hazards that even the most thorough search will not reveal. Examples include forgeries in the chain of title a claim by a previously undisclosed relative of a former owner or a mistake in the records. Liens easements rights-of-way life estates air and .