Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
Refinery Process Air Emissions

Refinery Process Air Emissions The most significant air emission sources in oil refineries are catalytic or thermal cracking units, catalytic reformer units, sulfur recovery plants, storage vessels, fluid coking units wastewater streams, cooling towers, equipment leaks, blowdown systems, vacuum distillation units, steam boilers, process furnaces, process heaters, compressor engines, barge or ship loading and gasoline loading racks specifically located at petroleum refineries. Table 1 identifies the air pollutants from these air emission sources and summarizes US EPA publication AP-42 estimates of the uncontrolled emissions from these oil refinery air emission sources. It should be noted that in many cases these. | Refinery Process Air Emissions The most significant air emission sources in oil refineries are catalytic or thermal cracking units catalytic reformer units sulfur recovery plants storage vessels fluid coking units wastewater streams cooling towers equipment leaks blowdown systems vacuum distillation units steam boilers process furnaces process heaters compressor engines barge or ship loading and gasoline loading racks specifically located at petroleum refineries. Table 1 identifies the air pollutants from these air emission sources and summarizes US EPA publication AP-42 estimates of the uncontrolled emissions from these oil refinery air emission sources. It should be noted that in many cases these refinery air emissions have already been controlled in order to meet specific US or overseas air emission regulations. Table 1 Significant Refinery Air Emission Sources Air Pollutants And Emission Factors Refinery Process Air Pollutant Emission Factor Catalytic Cracking Fluid Bed Particulates 242 Carbon Monoxide 13 700 Sulfur Dioxide 493 Nitrogen Oxides 71 Hydrocarbons 220 Aldehydes 19 Ammonia 54 Catalytic Cracking Moving Bed Particulates 17 Carbon Monoxide 3 800 Sulfur Dioxide 60 Nitrogen Oxides 5 Hydrocarbons 87 Aldehydes 12 Ammonia 6 Catalytic Reforming Hydrocarbons 25 Inorganic Chlorine 4 450 Sulfur Recovery Plant Sulfur Dioxide 359 lbs ton sulfur recovered Reduced Sulfur H2S CS2 COS 0.65 lbs ton sulfur recovered 10 25 12 Refinery Process Air Emissions Storage Vessels Hydrocarbons No single emission factor Fluid Coking Particulates 523 Wastewater Streams Hydrocarbons 0.097 Cooling Towers Hydrocarbons 0.0048 Equipment Leaks Hydrocarbons 0.034 Blowdown System Hydrocarbons 580 Vacuum Distillation Hydrocarbons 50 Steam Boiler Process Furnace or Process Heater Below 100 Million Btu hr capacity Particulates 10 lbs 1 000 gallon 6 fuel oil Nitrogen Oxides 55 lbs 1 000 gallon 6 fuel oil Carbon Monoxide 5 lbs 1 000 gallon 6 fuel oil Sulfur Oxides 157 x sulfur percentage in .