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Acid: vị chua, làm thuốc nhuộm đổi màu Bases: vị đắng, cảm giác nhớt. Arrhenius: acids làm tăng [H+], bases làm tăng [OH-] trong dung dịch. Arrhenius: acid + base salt + water. Problem: định nghĩa này chỉ áp dụng được trong dung dịch nước The H+ Ion in Water The H+(aq) ion is simply a proton with no electrons. (H has one proton, one electron, and no neutrons.) In water, the H+(aq) form clusters. The simplest cluster is H3O+(aq). Larger clusters are H5O2+ and H9O4+. Generally we use H+(aq) and H3O+(aq) interchangeably | Acid-Base Equilibria Hoa Dai Cuong A2 1 1 1 1 Acids and Bases: Acid: vị chua, làm thuốc nhuộm đổi màu Bases: vị đắng, cảm giác nhớt. Arrhenius: acids làm tăng [H+], bases làm tăng [OH-] trong dung dịch. Arrhenius: acid + base salt + water. Problem: định nghĩa này chỉ áp dụng được trong dung dịch nước Hoa Dai Cuong A2 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases The H+ Ion in Water The H+(aq) ion is simply a proton with no electrons. (H has one proton, one electron, and no neutrons.) In water, the H+(aq) form clusters. The simplest cluster is H3O+(aq). Larger clusters are H5O2+ and H9O4+. Generally we use H+(aq) and H3O+(aq) interchangeably. Hoa Dai Cuong A2 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases The H+ Ion in Water Hoa Dai Cuong A2 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Proton Transfer Reactions Focus on the H+(aq). Brønsted-Lowry: acid donates H+ and base accepts H+. Brønsted-Lowry base does not need to contain OH-. Consider HCl(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq): HCl donates a proton to water. Therefore, HCl is an acid. H2O accepts a proton from HCl. Therefore, H2O is a base. Water can behave as either an acid or a base. Amphoteric substances can behave as acids and bases. Hoa Dai Cuong A2 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Proton Transfer Reactions Hoa Dai Cuong A2 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs Whatever is left of the acid after the proton is donated is called its conjugate base. Similarly, whatever remains of the base after it accepts a proton is called a conjugate acid. Consider After HA (acid) loses its proton it is converted into A- (base). Therefore HA and A- are conjugate acid-base pairs. After H2O (base) gains a proton it is converted into H3O+ (acid). Therefore, H2O and H3O+ are conjugate acid-base pairs. Conjugate acid-base pairs differ by only one proton. Hoa Dai Cuong A2 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases The stronger the acid, the weaker the conjugate base. H+ is the strongest acid that can . | Acid-Base Equilibria Hoa Dai Cuong A2 1 1 1 1 Acids and Bases: Acid: vị chua, làm thuốc nhuộm đổi màu Bases: vị đắng, cảm giác nhớt. Arrhenius: acids làm tăng [H+], bases làm tăng [OH-] trong dung dịch. Arrhenius: acid + base salt + water. Problem: định nghĩa này chỉ áp dụng được trong dung dịch nước Hoa Dai Cuong A2 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases The H+ Ion in Water The H+(aq) ion is simply a proton with no electrons. (H has one proton, one electron, and no neutrons.) In water, the H+(aq) form clusters. The simplest cluster is H3O+(aq). Larger clusters are H5O2+ and H9O4+. Generally we use H+(aq) and H3O+(aq) interchangeably. Hoa Dai Cuong A2 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases The H+ Ion in Water Hoa Dai Cuong A2 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Proton Transfer Reactions Focus on the H+(aq). Brønsted-Lowry: acid donates H+ and base accepts H+. Brønsted-Lowry base does not need to contain OH-. Consider HCl(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq): HCl donates a proton to water. .
