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Recent studies have established essential roles of protein kinase Ce in signaling pathways controlling various functions of microfilaments and intermediate filaments by modulating multiple cytoskeletal proteins. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the roles of protein kinase Ce in the functions and signaling of microfilaments and intermediate filaments, | ỊFEBS Journal MINIREVIEW Protein kinase Ce multiple roles in the function of and signaling mediated by the cytoskeleton Yoshiko Akita Department of Laboratory AnimalScience The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of MedicalScience Japan Keywords actin contraction cytoskeleton keratin PKC epsilon Correspondence Y. Akita Department of Laboratory Animal Science The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of MedicalScience 3-18-22 Honkomagome Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8613 Japan Fax 81 3 3823 2130 Tel 81 3 3823 2105 E-mail akita@rinshoken.or.jp Present address Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health Shinjyuku-ku Tokyo Japan Received 26 December 2007 revised 23 May 2008 accepted 12 June 2008 doi 10.1111 j.1742-4658.2008.06557.x Recent studies have established essential roles of protein kinase Ce in signaling pathways controlling various functions of microfilaments and intermediate filaments by modulating multiple cytoskeletal proteins. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the roles of protein kinase Ce in the functions and signaling of microfilaments and intermediate filaments with a focus mainly on cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions migrations and contraction in addition to its relevance in the development of several diseases such as malignant tumors or cardiac disease. Introduction The mammalian cytoskeleton consists of three major filamentous structures namely microfilaments intermediate filaments IF and microtubules and plays important roles in various cellular functions and intracellular signaling. The microfilament and microtubule cytoskeletons are composed of actin and tubulin filament networks respectively in mammalian cells. The isotypes of actin or tubulin are expressed in a tissuespecific manner although there are relatively few compared to IF family members. The regulation of both networks occurs primarily via the action of their asso ciated proteins. IF proteins are composed of many family members such as keratins neurofilaments and vimentin .
