Đang chuẩn bị nút TẢI XUỐNG, xin hãy chờ
Tải xuống
Tấm 6: võng mạc, palsies, môi (a) cao huyết áp bệnh lý võng mạc - hẹp động mạch, xuất huyết ngọn lửa và phù gai thị một đầu với một biên độ đĩa không rõ ràng. (b) bệnh võng mạc tiểu đường - dịch tiết cứng trong một chiếc nhẫn | a c b d e f Plate 6 Retinae palsies lips a Hypertensive retinopathy narrow arteries flame haemorrhages and an early papilloedema with an indistinct disc margin. b Diabetic retinopathy hard exudates in a ring circinate . c Left sixth nerve lesion the patient is looking to the left but there is no lateral movement of the left eye. d Wasted interossei and hypothenar eminence from an ulna nerve or T1 lesion. e Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome telangiectasia on the lip in a patient with haematemasis. f Herpes simplex on lips cold sores these can erupt with other illnesses. System-oriented Examination 153 o Romberg test o gait and tandem gait Examine the arms or legs o inspect colour skin nail changes ulcers wasting are both arms and legs involved joints o palpate temperature pulses lumps see above joints active movements feel for crepitus e.g. hand over knee during flexion passive movements do not hurt patient reflexes sensation CHAPTER 8 Assessment of Disability Including Care of the Elderly Introduction It is important particularly in the elderly to assess whether the patient has a disability which interferes with normal life and aspirations which makes the patient dependent on others requires temporary assistance for specific problems occasional or regular assistance long-term supervised accommodation nursing home with 24-hour care It is necessary to assess the following in a patient o ability to do day-to-day functions o mental ability including confusion or dementia o emotional state and drive The descriptive terms used for disability have specific definitions in a World Health Organization classification. Impairment any loss or abnormality of anatomical physiological or psychological function i.e. systems or parts of body that do not work. Disability any restrictions or lack of ability due to an impairment to perform an activity within the range considered normal i.e. activities that cannot be done. Handicap a limitation of normal occupation because of impairment or .
