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Recent developments in pest-borne diseases, such as cases of West Nile fever in the United States of America and the spread of Lyme disease in both Europe and North America, have signalled strongly the crucial need to carefully assess the potential threat of urban pests to public and environmental health. Also, modern living conditions, urban sprawl and emerging changes in climate make the spread of pests and pest-borne diseases increa- singly likely. The effects of these conditions and changes need to be properly monitored and understood. Moreover, the lesson learned from the outbreak of severe acute respira- tory syndrome (SARS) is that modern forms of transport enable. | 789289 071888 Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen 0 Denmark Tel. 45 39 17 17 17. Fax 45 39 17 18 18 E-mail postmaster@euro.who.int Web site www.euro.who.int The second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century have witnessed important changes in ecology climate and human behaviour that favour the development of urban pests. Most alarmingly urban planners are faced now with the dramatic expansion of urban sprawl where the suburbs of our cities are growing into the natural habitats of ticks rodents and other pests. Also many city managers now erroneously assume that pest-borne diseases are relics that belong to the past. All these changes make timely a new analysis of the direct and indirect impacts of present-day urban pests on health. Such an analysis should lead to the development of strategies to manage them and reduce the risk of exposure. To this end WHO has invited international experts in various fields -pests pest-related diseases and pest management - to provide evidence on which to base policies. These experts contributed to the present report by identifying the public health risk posed by various pests and appropriate measures to prevent and control them. This book presents their conclusions and formulates policy options for all levels of decision-making to manage pests and pest-related diseases in the future. Ap Hạ World Health Organization ISBN 978-92-890-7188-8 Xavier Bonnefoy Helge Kampen Kevin Sweeney EUROPE Public Health Significance of Urban Pests EUROPE fl Hz EUROPE Public Health Significance of Urban Pests Xavier Bonnefoy Helge Kampen Kevin Sweeney Abstract The second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century have witnessed important changes in ecology climate and human behaviour that favour the development of urban pests. Most alarmingly urban planners are faced now with the dramatic expansion of urban sprawl where the suburbs of our cities are growing into the natural habitats .
