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Mechanical Engineers Reference Book 12 Part 12

Tham khảo tài liệu 'mechanical engineers reference book 12 part 12', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Solar chemistry 12 17 solutions while those which are stable in water have too wide a band gap. 12.Ó.4 Fuels Environmental considerations are increasingly becoming more important in the utilization of solar energy to obtain new fuels at a competitive cost. One of the ideal cycles is water splitting to produce hydrogen. Hydrogen can be made by following any of the paths outlined above e.g. thermochemical photochemical electrochemical or in a pairwise hybrid process. The main features of the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier the Hydrogen Energy concept W ere first outlined by Bockris and Triner81 in 1970 and are shown in Figure 12.11. Hydrogen forms the intermediate link between the primary energy sources and the energy-consuming sectors.1 It is also independent of the primary energy sources used for its production. Even if these change the intermediary energy systems of transmission storage and conversion can remain unaltered. The hydrogen economy system is completely cyclic. Water from lakes rivers or oceans is converted into hydrogen and oxygen. Its combustion product is water vapour which is returned to the biosphere and it is the least polluting of all the synthetic fuels. The well-known solar furnace at Odeillo82 W as first used to produce hydrogen and oxygen in the early 1980s but the challenge is to make the process cost-effective something which could come with the increasing emphasis on the true costs of fossil-fuel-induced environmental pollution. Hydrogen can also be applied in the traditional reactions of the chemical industry or can be reacted with carbonaceous material such as carbon dioxide carbonates or biomass to produce organic fuels and chemicals.72 Energy input Figure 12.11 The main features of the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier after McVeigh Another route for the thermochemical transport of solar energy is through the CO2 reforming of methane. The endothermic reaction of co2 with CH4 to yield co and Hl was suggested over ten years .