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To make a stone tool, a "core" of hard stone with specific flaking properties (such as flint) was struck with a hammerstone. This flaking produced a sharp edge on the core stone as well as on the flakes, either of which could be used as tools, primarily in the form of choppers or scrapers.[23] These tools greatly aided the early humans in their hunter-gatherer lifestyle to perform a variety of tasks including butchering carcasses (and breaking bones to get at the marrow); chopping wood; cracking open nuts; skinning an animal for its hide; and even forming other tools out of. | Aeronautical Engineer s Data Book Clifford Matthews BSc CEng MBA FIMechE Rlu TTERWORTH jỹj E 1 N E M A N N OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI Butterworth-Heineman Linacre House Jordan Hill Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue Woburn MA 01801-2041 A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published 2002 Clifford Matthews 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd 90 Tottenham Court Road London England W1P 9HE. Applications for the copyright holder s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Matthews Clifford Aeronautical engineer s data book 1. Aerospace engineering-Handbooks manuals etc. I. Title 629.1 3 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Matthews Clifford. Aeronautical engineer s data book I Clifford Matthews. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0 7506 5125 3 1. Aeronautics-Handbooks Manuals etc. I. Title. TL570.M34 2001 629.13 002 12-dc21 2001037429 ISBN 0 7506 5125 3 Composition by Scribe Design Gillingham Kent UK Printed and bound by A. Rowe Ltd Chippenham and Reading UK Contents Acknowledgements vii Preface ix Disclaimer x 1 Important Regulations and Directives 1 2 Fundamental Dimensions and Units 6 2.1 The Greek alphabet 6 2.2 Units systems 7 2.3 Conversions 8 2.4 Consistency of units 20 2.5 Foolproof conversions using unity brackets 21 2.6 Imperial-metric conversions 22 2.7 Dimensional analysis 22 2.8 Essential mathematics 25 2.9 Useful references