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Các nạn nhân Mỹ đã được gửi đến Dover, Delaware, căn cứ không quân, nơi odontologists pháp y Mỹ đã được loại trừ bởi quân đội. Quyết định này không may ngăn chặn sự tích tụ thêm bằng chứng bởi các chuyên gia. Các lĩnh vực nha khoa học pháp y đã đạt được tiến bộ đáng kể trong hai thập kỷ qua. | Scientific Evidence in Court 5 WILLIAM G. ECKERT RONALD K. WRIGHT The culmination of the collecting cataloging photographing investigating and testing of scientific evidence is its presentation to the trier of fact in court. In the English-American system of law scientific evidence is thought of as somewhat novel even though the use of such evidence dates back to the colonial period in the United States.1 In this chapter we will review briefly the organization of courts in the American system of justice and trace the method by which scientific evidence is admitted into evidence. Types of Courts Equitable Admiralty Law Coroner Grand Jury State and Federal To understand evidence and its use in court it is first necessary to understand differences in types of courts. In England there were two major court systems equitable and legal with the rather late development of a third the admiralty courts. In the United States these three courts have merged. The coroner court remains in those state jurisdictions which have retained the coroner system. Grand jury courts remain in both the federal and state systems. Equitable courts come from an ecclesiastic tradition. In England these were the courts of the church. The courts had powers of injunction and mandamus. They could order persons to stop doing what they were doing injunction or force them to do what they were not doing mandamus . The equitable courts were generally maintained after the American Revolution in the United States but were non-ecclesiastic because of the secular nature of the governments of the United States. In time states merged the equitable courts with legal courts. The federal government never had separate equitable courts. Today the largest remaining area of strictly equitable court activity is in divorce actions which are always equitable. In equitable courts the trier of fact is the judge sitting without a jury. Because the equitable courts did not have juries before the American Revolution equitable