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International agreements, supported by hard science, are proving effective in combating wide-ranging environmental threats such as ozone depletion and long-range transboundary air pollution. Can similar agreements be implemented to address the more complex risks posed by global climate change? Scientific analysis in general, and the health sector in particular, need to inform and help advance ongoing policy discussions. Firstly, the scientific community must produce rigorous and balanced evidence not only of the breadth and magnitude of climate change effects, but also of how they are distributed across populations, and over time. Just and equitable decisions on appropriate responses to climate change can only be reached by giving consideration to. | 8 Human health Coordinating Lead Authors Ulisses Confalonieri Brazil Bettina Menne WHO Regional Office for Europe Germany Lead Authors Rais Akhtar India Kristie L. Ebi USA Maria Hauengue Mozambique R. Sari Kovats UK Boris Revich Russia Alistair Woodward New Zealand Contributing Authors Tarakegn Abeku Ethiopia Mozaharul Alam Bangladesh Paul Beggs Australia Bernard Clot Switzerland Chris Furgal Canada Simon Hales New Zealand Guy Hutton UK Sirajul Islam Bangladesh Tord Kjellstrom New Zealand Sweden Nancy Lewis USA Anil Markandya UK Glenn McGregor New Zealand Kirk R. Smith USA Christina Tirado Spain Madeleine Thomson UK Tanja Wolf WHO Regional Office for Europe Germany Review Editors Susanna Curto Argentina Anthony McMichael Australia This chapter should be cited as Confalonieri U. B. Menne R. Akhtar K.L. Ebi M. Hauengue R.S. Kovats B. Revich and A. Woodward 2007 Human health. Climate Change 2007 Impacts Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change M.L. Parry O.F. Canziani J.P. Palutikof P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson Eds. Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK 391-431. Human Health Chapters Table of Contents Executive summary.393 8.1 Introduction.393 8.1.1 State of health in the world.393 8.1.2 Findings from the Third Assessment Report.394 8.1.3 Key developments since the Third Assessment Report .394 8.1.4 Methods used and gaps in knowledge.394 8.2 Current sensitivity and vulnerability.396 8.2.1 Heat and cold health effects.396 Box 8.1 The European heatwave 2003 impacts and adaptation.397 8.2.2 Wind storms and floods.398 Box 8.2 Gender and natural disasters.398 8.2.3 Drought nutrition and food security.399 Box 8.3 Drought in the Amazon.400 8.2.4 Food safety.400 8.2.5 Water and disease.400 8.2.6 Air quality and disease.401 8.2.7 Aeroallergens and disease.402 8.2.8 Vector-borne rodent-borne and other infectious diseases.403 Box 8.4 Climate change migratory birds and
