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introduction to forensic sciences 2nd edition phần 10

một mô hình khác thường phản ánh trong bộ răng của một nghi ngờ rằng xác định giá trị của nó. Kể từ khi xác định điều này là không rõ ràng cho đến khi giai đoạn so sánh, bất kỳ bitemark bất kể số lượng hoặc chất lượng, nên được làm việc lên. Tính hữu dụng của nó là không biết cho đến khi tất cả các sự kiện đã được thu thập. | Figure 12.31 Laceration of the lower vestibular fold due to forcible displacement of the lip. Figure 12.32 Rampant tooth decay in nursing-bottle mouth syndrome. Photograph courteSy of Dr. Thomas O Toole. an unusual pattern reflected in a suspect s dentition that determines its value. Since this determination is not apparent until the comparison stage any bitemark regardless of quantity or quality should be worked up. Its usefulness is not known until all the facts have been gathered. Dental Findings in Child Maltreatment and Other Person Abuse In 1962 Kempe et al.43 described the battered child syndrome and summarized the physical findings that when seen in the proper setting were suspicious of child abuse. With increased awareness and changing definitions of child abuse and neglect the medical profession has recognized additional 1997 CRC Press LLC Table 12.3 Oral Findings of Child Maltreatment Findings Cause Multiple broken discolored missing or avulsed front teeth Peculiar malocclusions and nonoccluding jaw segments Laceration of labial or lingual frena Figure 12.31 Isolated laceration of soft palate Horizontal abrasions or contusions extending from lip commissures Tooth marks in labial mucosa corresponding to child s teeth Bitemarks on skin Repeated episodes of mouth trauma Healed jaw fractures which were displaced and not reduced Forceful lip pulling or slapping Insertion of a utensil during forced feeding Application of a gag Pressure from smothering Child bite unsupervised children adult bite anger biting Rampant caries decay Figure 12.32 Nursing-bottle mouth syndrome child is continually allowed to fall asleep with bottle in mouth containing sugar from milk juice etc. possible child neglect Venereal disease Venereal warts gonococcal stomatitis and pharyngitis syphilitic lesions indicates sexual abuse physical findings and syndromes suggestive of nonaccidental injuries. Among these are shaken infant syndrome Munchausen s syndrome by proxy and specific oral .