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A final reason to believe a connection between pollution and asthma might exist is that studies with more convincing empirical designs have found consistent effects of pollution on children’s health. Chay and Greenstone (2001) use declines in pollution that resulted from the 1980-82 recession and find a strong link between total suspended particles and infant mortality. Since most infant mortality is due to respiratory failure, it is reasonable to suspect that pollution could be related to other respiratory illnesses, such as asthma. Ransom and Pope (1995) use changes in pollution that resulted from the opening and closing. | United States Government Accountability Office GAO Report to Congressional Requesters September 2008 MEDICAID Extent of Dental Disease in Children Has Not Decreased and Millions Are Estimated to Have Untreated Tooth Decay GAO-08-1121 September 2008 À GAO Accountability Integrity Reliability Highlights Highlights of GAO-08-1121 a report to congressional requesters Why GAO Did This Study In recent years concerns have been raised about the adequacy of dental care for low-income children. Attention to this subject became more acute due to the widely publicized case of Deamonte Driver a 12-year-old boy who died as a result of an untreated infected tooth that led to a fatal brain infection. Deamonte had health coverage through Medicaid a joint federal and state program that provides health care coverage including dental care for millions of low-income children. Deamonte had extensive dental disease and his family was unable to find a dentist to treat him. GAO was asked to examine the extent to which children in Medicaid experience dental disease the extent to which they receive dental care and how these conditions have changed over time. To examine these indicators of oral health GAO analyzed data for children ages 2 through 18 by insurance status from two nationally representative surveys conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services HHS the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey MEPS . GAO also interviewed officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and dental associations and researchers. In commenting on a draft of the report HHS acknowledged the challenge of providing dental services to children in Medicaid and cited a number of studies and actions taken to address the issue. To view the full product including the scope and methodology click on GAO-08-1121. For more information contact James Cosgrove at 202 512-7114 or cosgrovej@gao.gov. MEDICAID Extent of Dental Disease in .