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Asen Đánh giá rủi ro và Dịch tễ học phân tử (Ashram) là một trường hợp nghiên cứu do EU tài trợ kiểm soát lớn nhìn vào nguy cơ ung thư (bàng quang, thận và da) do asen trong nước uống. Các dự án Ashram là quy định cụ thể liên quan với dân số cư trú ở các bộ phận của Hungary, Romania và Slovakia. Trong các quận, huyện, tỷ lệ mắc nhiều tiếp xúc với asen (As) đã xảy ra trong quá khứ gần đây. Tuy nhiên, một số dân số tiếp tục kinh nghiệm tiếp xúc với. | Natural Arsenic in Groundwater Occurrence Remediation and Management -Bundschuh Bhattacharya and Chandrasekharam eds 2005 Taylor Francis Group London ISBN 04 1536 700 X Estimating previous exposure to arsenic for populations living in parts of Hungary Romania and Slovakia R.L. Hough G.S. Leonardi T. Fletcher London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine University of London London UK ABSTRACT Arsenic Health Risk Assessment and Molecular Epidemiology ASHRAM is a large EU-funded case-control study looking at risk of cancer bladder kidney and skin due to arsenic in drinking water. The ASHRAM project is specifically concerned with populations residing in parts of Hungary Romania and Slovakia. In these districts many incidences of exposure to arsenic As have occurred in the recent past. However some populations are continuing to experience exposure to relatively low-level arsenic concentrations in their drinking water. In order to calculate risk of cancer it is necessary to estimate cumulative arsenic dose by reconstructing individual exposure histories due to water consumed both at home and in the workplace. In this study data on water consumption was obtained using questionnaire tools. Concentrations of arsenic in water supplies were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry AAS . Measurements of total inorganic arsenic in the urine of the participants were made as a biomarker for current exposure. Preliminary results indicate that on average people are drinking 1.76 L d from tap sources. Initial analysis suggests that the volume of water consumed by individuals has changed little with time while the majority of people drink between 10 and 25 of their water at work. These estimates seem plausible and similar to other estimates. 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background One of the main difficulties in epidemiological studies which examine the relationship between drinking water contaminants and disease outcomes is the accurate assessment of individuals consumption of tap .
