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Tham khảo tài liệu 'review of the cost of capitalism culture lifestyle_7', tài chính - ngân hàng, tài chính doanh nghiệp phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 146 The Cost OF Capitalism Figure 11.2 Bernanke s Calamity The Fed Lowers the Funds Rate but Mortgage Rates Rise ended any hope of a simple short-circuiting of the adverse feedback loop that gripped the housing market see Figure 11.2 . Why did mortgage rates rise during the aggressive Fed ease Initial mainstream commentary tied the rising mortgage rates to fears of future inflation and the weakness of the U.S. dollar brought about when the Fed eased and the ECB stood firm. But that explanation died in mid-2008. At that time confidence in the ECB evaporated and the European currency plunged. And commodity prices began their free fall. How could mortgage rates rise amidst a soaring dollar and disappearing worries about inflation Simple. The rise reflected the wholesale collapse of confidence in the entire mortgage finance industry. As Bernanke a master of understatement put it in late October 2008 Bernanke s Calamity and the Onset of U.S. Recession 147 The financial crisis has upset the linkage between mortgage borrowers and capital markets and has revealed a number of important problems in our system of mortgage finance. . . .3 For Minsky the phenomenon of rising long rates alongside falling short rates was hardly novel. And the dynamic in short order depressed the real economy. In a crisis Minsky wrote All of the internally generated funds are utilized to repay debt. A major objective of business bankers and financial intermediaries in this situation is to clean up their balance sheets. This can tend to sustain and may even raise long-term interest rates even as short-term interest rates are decreasing. We are no longer in a boom we are in a debt deflation process as a feedback from the purely financial developments . . . to the real economy . . . takes place.4 The mad dash to reduce risk exposure the dominolike falls of financial service companies and the morphing of the U.S. recession into a global capital markets crisis and a worldwide recession are the subject
