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Tham khảo sách 'handbook of administrative ethics_1', khoa học xã hội, chính trị - triết học phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 1 The Emergence of Administrative Ethics as a Field of study in the United States Terry L. Cooper University of Southern California Los Angeles California One might reasonably argue that administrative ethics has been a topic of sustained interest at least since the founding of Public Administration Review PAR in 1940 Nigro and Richardson 1990 . One might even assert that administrative ethics has been of concern both to practitioners and scholars since the founding era of the United States Richardson and Nigro 1987 . However this chapter will maintain that the study of administrative ethics as an ongoing scholarly enterprise with the trappings of a subfield of academic inquiry does not predate the 1970s. Although there have been numerous articles dealing with administrative ethics in some way in PAR since 1940 as Nigro and Richardson have demonstrated one does not find anything approximating a systematic and developmental treatment of the subject until the last three decades. Even during these years the study of administrative ethics has lacked sufficient emphasis on some of the elements necessary to come to full fruition as a developmental subfield. Through the 1990s the field of study has continued to develop rapidly as reflected in the literature produced treatment in conferences and the creation of new institutions. Empirical research on administrative ethics has expanded but still represents the area of the field of study needing the most development. The primary criterion assumed here for a field of study is the existence of a group of scholars with a sustained interest in the subject at least some of whom identify themselves as specialists. The second is a consistent flow of published materials in books leading journals and conference sessions devoted to the advancement of theory. This stream of literature should focus on critically analyzing reflecting and building on each other s work development of methodology for research and analysis empirical research
