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Tham khảo tài liệu 'rubber compounding - chemistry and applications part 9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 8 General Compounding Harry G. Moneypenny Moneypenny Tire Rubber Consultants Den Haag The Netherlands Karl-Hans Menting Schill Seilacher Struktol Aktiengesellschaft Hamburg Germany F. Michael Gragg ExxonMobil Lubricants Petroleum Specialties Company Fairfax Virginia U.S.A. I. INTRODUCTION In conjunction with the chemicals used in a rubber formulation to ensure acceptable product characteristics a number of ingredients may be incorporated to allow or improve processing with the manufacturing equipment available in the plant. The stages of rubber processing may be broken down into raw materials handling mixing forming and vulcanization. Some of the factors that may influence the process economics and product acceptability in these stages are listed in Table 1. The function of the processing additives is to minimize or overcome any problems associated with product fabrication while maintaining or even improving product performance. Before going into detail some examples of acceptable performance criteria for processing additives at the four stages in product manufacture are presented briefly. Note Throughout this chapter the authors make reference to suppliers of particular materials and their trade names. Mention of any company does not imply that it is the sole supplier of this material. Copyright 2004 by Taylor Francis Table 1 Rubber Processing Performance Factors Stage Operation Performance factors Raw materials Storage handling weighing blending delivery 1. Temperature control 2. Humidity control 3. Handling of dusty and hazardous materials 4. Automatic handling and weighing 5. Weighing accuracy with small quantities 6. Uniformity of blending Mixing Internal mixer mill 1. Viscosity reduction in 2. Viscosity control 3. Heat generation 4. Filler incorporation 5. Filler dispersion 6. Hydrophobation reaction with silica 7. Homogenization 8. Sticking and release 9. Mix time Forming Extrusion hot cold feed calendering sheet fabric calendering profile cutting joining .