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industrialisation strategies adopted and economic policies followed have shown great differences before and after 1980. An import substitution policy had been implemented until 1980. However, after 1980, significant progress has been made towards establishing the principles and fundamentals of a market economy through the introduction of export-oriented industrialisation. These reforms made significant contribution to the dynamism of the private sector and improved the adaptability of Turkish economy to internal and external impacts. Therefore, the source of industrial growth in recent years has been investments and the dynamism of the private sector. As a result, industry has shown a great performance, except the years in which economic crises occurred. Considerable increases. | THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY PRIME MINISTRY STATE PLANNING ORGANIZATION SECTOR PROFILES OF TURKISH INDUSTRY A General Outlook General Directorate for Economic Sectors and Coordination Industry Department February 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS A. INDUSTRY IN GENERAL.1 B. MINING.7 C. FOOD INDUSTRY.13 D. BEVERAGES INDUSTRY.18 E. TOBACCO PRODUCTS INDUSTRY.20 F. TEXTILE AND CLOTHING INDUSTRY.22 G. LEATHER AND LEATHER GOODS INDUSTRY.26 H. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS INDUSTRY.35 I. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY.41 J. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY.44 K. FERTILIZER INDUSTRY .48 L. PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY.50 M. GLASS INDUSTRY .53 N. CEMENT INDUSTRY.54 O. CERAMIC INDUSTRY.55 P. REFRACTORY MATERIALS INDUSTRY.59 Q. IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY.60 R. NONFERROUS METALS INDUSTRY.68 S. MACHINERY INDUSTRY.70 T. AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY .72 U. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ICT .79 1 This document is prepared by the following experts in SPO Head of Industry Department A. Latif TUNA altuna@dpt.gov.tr Mining Pinar OZEL Anil ALTUNAY pozel@dpt.gov.tr altunay@dpt.gov.tr Food Industry Taylan KIYMAZ tkiymaz@dpt.gov.tr Beverages Industry ihsan TURKER Yildiz ERKMEN iturker@dpt.gov.tr yerkmen@dpt.gov.tr Tobacco Products Industry ihsan TURKER Yildiz ERKMEN iturker@dpt.gov.tr yerkmen@dpt.gov.tr Textile and Clothing Industry Emrah ONGUT eongut@dpt.gov.tr Leather and Leather Goods Industry Mustafa OZQOREKQi Emrah ONGUT mozcorek@dpt.gov.tr eongut@dpt.gov.tr Petroleum Products Industry Pinar OZEL pozel@dpt.gov.tr Chemical Industry Emine AYGOREN eaygoren@dpt.gov.tr Pharmaceutical Industry Emine AYGOREN eaygoren@dpt.gov.tr Fertilizer Industry Gulfem DEMiR gdemir@dpt.gov.tr Petrochemical Industry Gulfem DEMiR gdemir@dpt.gov.tr Glass Industry Sava BAYAZIT Asaf ERDOGAN bayazit@dpt.gov.tr erdogan@dpt.gov.tr Cement Industry Sava BAYAZIT Asaf ERDOGAN bayazit@dpt.gov.tr erdogan@dpt.gov.tr Ceramic Industry Asaf ERDOGAN erdogan@dpt.gov.tr Refractory Materials Industry Asaf ERDOGAN erdogan@dpt.gov.tr Iron and Steel Industry Mehmet Akif KOCA .