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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học quốc tế cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: " Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and energy efficiency in weight loss diets | Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling BioMed Central Review Open Access Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and energy efficiency in weight loss diets Richard D Feinman 1 and Eugene J Fine1 2 Address Department of Biochemistry State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY 11203 USA and 2Department of Nuclear Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY 10461 USA Email Richard D Feinman - rfeinman@downstate.edu Eugene J Fine - efine@downstate.edu Corresponding author Published 30 July 2007 Received 30 October 2006 Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2007 4 27 doi 10.1186 1742-4682-4-27 Accepted 30 July 2007 This article is available from http www.tbiomed.cOm content 4 1 27 2007 Feinman and Fine licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http creativecommons.org licenses by 2.0 which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Carbohydrate restriction as a strategy for control of obesity is based on two effects a behavioral effect spontaneous reduction in caloric intake and a metabolic effect an apparent reduction in energy efficiency greater weight loss per calorie consumed. Variable energy efficiency is established in many contexts hormonal imbalance weight regain and knock-out experiments in animal models but in the area of the effect of macronutrient composition on weight loss controversy remains. Resistance to the idea comes from a perception that variable weight loss on isocaloric diets would somehow violate the laws of thermodynamics that is only caloric intake is important a calorie is a calorie . Previous explanations of how the phenomenon occurs based on equilibrium thermodynamics emphasized the inefficiencies introduced by substrate cycling and requirements for increased gluconeogenesis. Living systems however are maintained far from equilibrium and .
