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Tham khảo tài liệu 'climate change and managed ecosystems - chapter 11', khoa học tự nhiên, công nghệ sinh học phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 11 Linking Biomass Energy to Biosphere Greenhouse Gas Management D.B. Layzell and J. Stephen CONTENTS 11.1 Introduction.218 11.2 Biosphere Solutions.218 11.2.1 Reduce Biosphere GHG Emissions.218 11.2.2 Sequester Atmospheric CO2.218 11.2.3 Complement Fossil Energy Streams.219 11.2.4 Adapt Our Biosphere to a Changing Atmosphere and Climate.219 11.3 The Bioenergy Challenge.219 11.4 Sustainable Sources of Biomass.220 11.4.1 Municipalities.221 11.4.2 Agriculture.221 11.4.3 Forestry.222 11.5 Case Study Accessing Biomass from Disturbed Forest Sites.222 11.5.1 Option 1. Harvest Biomass for Fiber Markets.223 11.5.2 Option 2 Leave the Biomass to Decompose.224 11.5.3 Option 3 Harvest for Bioenergy.224 11.6 Case Study Impact of Various Feedstock-to-Product Threads.224 11.6.1 Biopower.224 11.6.2 Bioethanol.227 11.6.3 Biodiesel.227 11.6.4 Conclusion.228 11.7 Socioeconomics of Biomass Energy.228 11.8 Conclusions.229 Acknowledgment.230 References.230 217 2006 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 218 Climate Change and Managed Ecosystems 11.1 INTRODUCTION Plants have been in the business of managing greenhouse gases GHGs and solar energy for hundreds of millions of years. Therefore in a world where there are concerns about climate change and energy supply it is not unreasonable to look to biological systems and the biosphere both for solutions to these challenges and for a better understanding of the processes regulating atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases and the Earth s climate. This is especially true for Canada a nation with a vast biosphere and a relatively small population. In Canada the annual flux of carbon into and out of biological systems is more than ten times the nation s emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel energy use. The biosphere is also a large natural source and sink for the other greenhouse gases nitrous oxide N2O and methane CH4 . This chapter provides a brief overview of the role that the biosphere could play in helping Canada address the challenges of climate change .
