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Bách khoa toàn thư nền nông nghiệp thế giới - Châu Úc - Vần Y | 388 Yangoru Boiken Yangoru Boiken ETHNONYMS Nugum Wianu Yangoru Orientation Identification. The Boiken people of the East Sepik Province Papua New Guinea occupy one of the most extensive and ecologically heterogeneous territories in New Guinea. Their boundaries encompass the islands of Walis Tarawa and Muschu in the Bismarck Sea and cut a broad swathe inland across the coastal Prince Alexander range before descending through fertile foothills into the rolling grassland north of the Sepik River. Coupled with their complex migra-tional prehistory this ecological heterogeneity has conferred an extreme linguistic and cultural diversity on the Boiken and consequently only one dialect group the Yangoru Boiken is described here. The Yangoru Boiken speak five distinct subdialects each of which exhibits distinct subcultural variations the data to follow are most representative of the north central subdialect speakers in the villagers of Sima Kambelyi and Kworabri. Boiken is the name of the coastal village where the first missionaries lived Yangoru is the local name of the area in which Yangoru Patrol Post was located. Until European contact the Yangoru Boiken had no conception of themselves as a single unit local polities referred to themselves only as nma which means we all or tua which means people. Location. The Yangoru Boiken live between 3 36 and 3 45 S and 143 14 and 143 22 E around Yangoru government station in the southern foothills of the Prince Alexander range. Annual rainfall is about 175 centimeters. Demography. In 1980 the Boiken numbered some 40 000 people. Of these about 13 300 were Yangoru Boiken though only about 9 600 were resident in Yangoru the rest were living elsewhere in Papua New Guinea. This total represents a considerable increase over the 4 000 to 5 000 Yangoru Boiken estimated at the beginning of significant European contact in the 1920s. In 1980 overall density in Yangoru averaged about 51 persons per square kilometer within the main population