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CHAPTER 13 COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN Dr. Emory W. Zimmers, Jr., & Technical Staff Enterprise Systems Center Lehigh University Bethlehem, PA 13.1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD) 13.1.1 A Historical Perspective of CAD 13.1.2 The Design Process 13.1.3 Applying Computers to Design HARDWARE 13.2.1 Input/Output and Central Processing Unit (CPU) THE COMPUTER 13.3.1 Computer Evolution 13.3.2 Categories of Computers 13.3.3 Central Processing Unit (CPU) 13.3.4 RISC and CISC Computers 13.3.5 Parallel Processing MEMORYSYSTEMS 13.4.1 Organizational Methods 13.4.2 Internal Memory and Related Techniques 13.4.3 External Memory 13.4.4 Magnetic Disks 13.4.5 Magnetic Tape 13.4.6 Optical Data Storage INPUTDEVICES 13.5.1 Keyboard 13.5.2 Touch Pad 275 276 276 13.5.3 13.5.4 13.5.5 13.5.6. | CHAPTER 13 COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN Dr. Emory W. Zimmers Jr. Technical Staff Enterprise Systems Center Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 13.1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN CAD 275 13.1.1 A Historical Perspective of CAD 276 13.1.2 The Design Process 276 13.1.3 Applying Computers to Design 278 13.2 HARDWARE 282 13.2.1 Input Output and Central Processing Unit CPU 282 13.3 THE COMPUTER 283 13.3.1 Computer Evolution 284 13.3.2 Categories of Computers 284 13.3.3 Central Processing Unit CPU 285 13.3.4 RISC and CISC Computers 285 13.3.5 Parallel Processing 287 13.4 MEMORY SYSTEMS 287 13.4.1 Organizational Methods 287 13.4.2 Internal Memory and Related Techniques 288 13.4.3 External Memory 289 13.4.4 Magnetic Disks 289 13.4.5 Magnetic Tape 290 13.4.6 Optical Data Storage 290 13.5 INPUT DEVICES 290 13.5.1 Keyboard 290 13.5.2 TouchPad 291 13.5.3 Mouse 291 13.5.4 Trackball 291 13.5.5 Light Pen 291 13.5.6 Digitizer 292 13.5.7 Scanner 293 13.6 OUTPUT DEVICES 293 13.6.1 Electronic Displays 293 13.6.2 Hard Copy Devices 294 13.7 SOFTWARE 296 13.7.1 Operating Systems 296 13.7.2 Graphical User Interface GUI and the X Window System 298 13.7.3 Computer Languages 299 13.8 CAD SOFTWARE 301 13.8.1 Graphics Software 301 13.8.2 Solid Modeling 302 13.9 CAD STANDARDS AND TRANSLATORS 309 13.9.1 Analysis Software 311 13.10 APPLICATIONS OF CAD 314 13.10.1 Optimization Applications 13.10.2 Virtual Prototyping 314 315 13.10.3 Rapid Prototyping 316 13.10.4 Computer-Aided Manufacturing CAM 317 13.1 INTRODUCTION TO CAD Computer-aided design CAD uses the mathematical and graphic-processing power of the computer to assist the engineer in the creation modification analysis and display of designs. Many factors have contributed to CAD technology becoming a necessary tool in the engineering world such as the computer s speed at processing complex equations and managing technical databases. CAD combines the characteristics of designer and computer that are best applicable to the design process. The .
